Few of the readers after my last post asked me – What are those strange columns named ‘OMem’,‘1Mem’ and ‘O/1/M’ or ‘Used-Mem’ in execution plan ? This is something what you will see in the execution plan if called the DBMS_XPLAN using ‘+memstats’ or the ‘+allstats’ options.
First talking about column ‘Starts’, that is the number of times that operation actually happened. The column with title ‘Buffers’ refers to the amount of buffer read/write (IO) performed. Now comes the column ‘OMem’, and it is the memory estimate needed to perform the operation in memory only. This is also called the optimal execution. Next column with title ‘1Mem’ is the memory estimate needed to perform the operation in a single pass (Read/Write from disk (temp) only once), called one-pass execution. A multi-pass execution is when the same data is written to and read from disk more than once. Think about the sorting, where the database has to do a sort on large amount data in a small PGA or sort area.
Last column with title ‘0/1/M’ and sometimes ‘Used-Mem‘ is the ACTUAL amount of memory used for the operation. You also see some numbers in the brackets for this column. There is a significance for them – If the number is 0, then it was an optimal execution, used only memory and no temporary space. If the number is 1, then it was a one-pass execution. If the number is > 1, it was a multi-pass execution, and that number represents the number of passes.
Lately someone told me that he ran the gather_plan_statistics hint with his SQL, but he is not getting the detailed execution plan, I mean all extra stats that you see i.e. starts, estimated time, starts, buffers, actual and estimated number of rows were not there and he was getting the regular/simple execution plan.
But I found he was trying it in a wrong way! The /*+ gather_plan_statistics */ hint does not save data into PLAN_TABLE, but it stores execution statistics in V$SQL_PLAN performance view. To display these data you can use (dbms_xplan.display_cursor (format=>’ALLSTATS LAST’)), but this not always work, because you must execute the second command immediately after the SQL query. The better method is to query V$SQL or V$SQLAREA or any useful view to obtain SQL_ID of the query, and then use DISPLAY_CURSOR function, for example in this way …
SQL>
SQL> SELECT /*+ gather_plan_statistics */ * FROM (SELECT A.MANDNA_KKAJ_DI,A.NAME,ROWNUM IDX FROM DIXDROI.INF_KRA_PRIMAR A,DIXDROI.INF_KRA_PRIMAR_B B,DIXDROI.INF_KRA_PRIMAR_RANGE C WHERE A.TYPE='MOBILE'
AND A.STATUS='Available' AND A.ASSIGNED_CSN_ID IS NULL AND B.OWNING_OBJECT_ID=A.MANDNA_KKAJ_DI AND
B.BINDING_NAME='com.paratapata.killer.mfs.oare.mainframe.locking.ADAKingstonToKillerRangeStst' AND C.MANDNA_KKAJ_DI=B.TARGET_OBJECT_ID
AND C.STATUS = NVL('Active', C.STATUS) AND C.CATEGORY = 'Range'
AND 'Internal' = NVL(C.NUMBER_USAGE,'External') AND (A.lock_id IS NULL OR A.LOCK_DATE <= (sysdate - NVL(A.LOCK_PERIOD,(SELECT mark_raar_value
FROM DIXDROI.PAM_KRIAIS_MAINFATRAARA_AHAH WHERE mark_raar_name = 'DEFAULT_LOCK_PERIOD' )) / 60 / 24))
ORDER BY TO_NUMBER(A.NAME) ) RESULTS WHERE RESULTS.IDX BETWEEN 1 AND 15;
MANDNA_KKAJ_DI NAME IDX
-------------- -------------------------------------------------- ----------
91891302 0444915115 12
91891309 0444915122 13
91891310 0444915123 14
91891314 0444915127 15
91891723 0444915536 2
91891724 0444915537 3
91891726 0444915539 4
91891730 0444915543 5
91891739 0444915552 6
91891748 0444915561 7
91891766 0444915579 8
91891768 0444915581 9
91891807 0444915620 10
91891854 0444915667 11
17116808 04466962472 1
15 rows selected.
SQL> select sql_id, plan_hash_value, executions, sql_text from gv$sqlarea where sql_fulltext like '%gather_plan_statistics%';
SQL_ID PLAN_HASH_VALUE EXECUTIONS SQL_TEXT
------------- --------------- ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------
0m329sngnhv1p 2185860753 1 SELECT /*+ gather_plan_statistics */ * FROM (SELECT A.OBJECT
_INST_ID,A.NAME,ROWNUM IDX FROM DIXDROI.INF_KRA_PRIMAR A,INS
TALL.INF_KRA_PRIMAR_B B,DIXDROI.INF_KRA_PRIMAR_RANGE C WHERE
A.TYPE=:"SYS_B_00" AND A.STATUS=:"SYS_B_01" AND A.ASSIGNED_
CSN_ID IS NULL AND B.OWNING_OBJECT_ID=A.MANDNA_KKAJ_DI AND B
.BINDING_NAME=:"SYS_B_02" AND C.MANDNA_KKAJ_DI=B.TARGET_OBJE
CT_ID AND C.STATUS = NVL(:"SYS_B_03", C.STATUS) AND C.CATEGO
RY = :"SYS_B_04" AND :"SYS_B_05" = NVL(C.NUMBER_USAGE,:"SYS_
B_06") AND (A.lock_id IS NULL OR A.LOCK_DATE <= (sysdate - N
VL(A.LOCK_PERIOD,(SELECT mark_raar_value FROM DIXDROI.EAI_HY
BRIS_CONFIGURATION_DATA WHERE mark_raar_name = :"SYS_B_07" )
) / :"SYS_B_08" / :"SYS_B_09")) ORDER BY TO_NUMBER(A.NAME) )
RESULTS WHERE RESULTS.IDX BETWEEN :"SYS_B_10" AND :"SYS_B_1
1"
The above query returns SQL_ID=0m329sngnhv1p and CHILD_NUMBER=0(child number is just a cursor number). Use these values to query the collected plan. This will show you statistics such as the actual number of rows processed (A-Rows), rather than just the estimates (E-Rows). A-Rows is the total number of rows produced by all starts of that operation. But E-Rows is an estimate of the number of rows produced by a single start of an operation. If you want to read about E-Rows and A-Rows columns, please read a brilliant post by Jonathan Lewis.
Okay, the plan also includes a column called Starts, which tells you how many times each step was executed. A-Rows, E-Rows and Starts are all incredibly useful if you want to understand a plan.
SQL> SELECT * FROM table(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY_CURSOR('0m329sngnhv1p', 0, 'ALLSTATS'));
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL_ID 0m329sngnhv1p, child number 0
-------------------------------------
SELECT /*+ gather_plan_statistics */ * FROM (SELECT
A.MANDNA_KKAJ_DI,A.NAME,ROWNUM IDX FROM DIXDROI.INF_KRA_PRIMAR
A,DIXDROI.INF_KRA_PRIMAR_B B,DIXDROI.INF_KRA_PRIMAR_RANGE C WHERE
A.TYPE=:"SYS_B_00" AND A.STATUS=:"SYS_B_01" AND A.ASSIGNED_CSN_ID IS
NULL AND B.OWNING_OBJECT_ID=A.MANDNA_KKAJ_DI AND
B.BINDING_NAME=:"SYS_B_02" AND C.MANDNA_KKAJ_DI=B.TARGET_OBJECT_ID AND
C.STATUS = NVL(:"SYS_B_03", C.STATUS) AND C.CATEGORY = :"SYS_B_04" AND
:"SYS_B_05" = NVL(C.NUMBER_USAGE,:"SYS_B_06") AND (A.lock_id IS NULL OR
A.LOCK_DATE <= (sysdate - NVL(A.LOCK_PERIOD,(SELECT mark_raar_value
FROM DIXDROI.PAM_KRIAIS_MAINFATRAARA_AHAH WHERE mark_raar_name =
:"SYS_B_07" )) / :"SYS_B_08" / :"SYS_B_09")) ORDER BY TO_NUMBER(A.NAME)
) RESULTS WHERE RESULTS.IDX BETWEEN :"SYS_B_10" AND :"SYS_B_11"
Plan hash value: 2185860753
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows | A-Time | Buffers | OMem | 1Mem | O/1/M|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | | 15 |00:00:00.62 | 353K| | | |
|* 1 | FILTER | | 1 | | 15 |00:00:00.62 | 353K| | | |
|* 2 | VIEW | | 1 | 5530 | 15 |00:00:00.62 | 353K| | | |
| 3 | SORT ORDER BY | | 1 | 5530 | 7873 |00:00:00.62 | 353K| 549K| 457K| 1/0/0|
| 4 | COUNT | | 1 | | 7873 |00:00:00.46 | 353K| | | |
| 5 | NESTED LOOPS | | 1 | 5530 | 7873 |00:00:00.46 | 353K| | | |
| 6 | NESTED LOOPS | | 1 | 5530 | 266K|00:00:00.44 | 240K| | | |
| 7 | NESTED LOOPS | | 1 | 5530 | 266K|00:00:00.19 | 46039 | | | |
|* 8 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | INF_KRA_PRIMAR_RANGE | 1 | 4392 | 90 |00:00:00.01 | 878 | | | |
| 9 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID BATCHED| INF_KRA_PRIMAR_B | 90 | 1 | 266K|00:00:00.17 | 45161 | | | |
|* 10 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | EAI_NUMBER_REL_1 | 90 | 1 | 266K|00:00:00.04 | 3871 | | | |
|* 11 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | PK_INF_KRA_PRIMAR | 266K| 1 | 266K|00:00:00.20 | 194K| | | |
|* 12 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | INF_KRA_PRIMAR | 266K| 1 | 7873 |00:00:00.20 | 113K| | | |
| 13 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID BATCHED | PAM_KRIAIS_MAINFATRAARA_AHAH | 1 | 1 | 1 |00:00:00.01 | 2 | | | |
|* 14 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | IDXGETNUMBERPD1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |00:00:00.01 | 1 | | | |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
1 - filter(:SYS_B_11>=:SYS_B_10)
2 - filter(("RESULTS"."IDX">=:SYS_B_10 AND "RESULTS"."IDX"<=:SYS_B_11))
8 - filter((NVL("C"."CATEGORY",'Range')=:SYS_B_04 AND NVL("C"."NUMBER_USAGE",:SYS_B_06)=:SYS_B_05 AND "C"."STATUS"=NVL(:SYS_B_03,"C"."STATUS")))
10 - access("C"."MANDNA_KKAJ_DI"="B"."TARGET_OBJECT_ID" AND "B"."BINDING_NAME"=:SYS_B_02)
11 - access("B"."OWNING_OBJECT_ID"="A"."MANDNA_KKAJ_DI")
12 - filter(("A"."TYPE"=:SYS_B_00 AND "A"."STATUS"=:SYS_B_01 AND "A"."ASSIGNED_CSN_ID" IS NULL AND ("A"."LOCK_ID" IS NULL OR
"A"."LOCK_DATE"<=SYSDATE@!-NVL("A"."LOCK_PERIOD",)/:SYS_B_08/:SYS_B_09)))
14 - access("mark_raar_NAME"=:SYS_B_07)
49 rows selected.
There are multiple other ways how you can add or remove more details to your execution plan, lets take a look on few of those methods.
-- To get additional COST and BYTES column into plan
SQL> SELECT * FROM TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.display_cursor(sql_id=>'0m329sngnhv1p',format=>'ALLSTATS LAST +cost +bytes'));
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL_ID 0m329sngnhv1p, child number 0
-------------------------------------
SELECT /*+ gather_plan_statistics */ * FROM (SELECT
A.MANDNA_KKAJ_DI,A.NAME,ROWNUM IDX FROM DIXDROI.INF_KRA_PRIMAR
A,DIXDROI.INF_KRA_PRIMAR_B B,DIXDROI.INF_KRA_PRIMAR_RANGE C WHERE
A.TYPE=:"SYS_B_00" AND A.STATUS=:"SYS_B_01" AND A.ASSIGNED_CSN_ID IS
NULL AND B.OWNING_OBJECT_ID=A.MANDNA_KKAJ_DI AND
B.BINDING_NAME=:"SYS_B_02" AND C.MANDNA_KKAJ_DI=B.TARGET_OBJECT_ID AND
C.STATUS = NVL(:"SYS_B_03", C.STATUS) AND C.CATEGORY = :"SYS_B_04" AND
:"SYS_B_05" = NVL(C.NUMBER_USAGE,:"SYS_B_06") AND (A.lock_id IS NULL OR
A.LOCK_DATE <= (sysdate - NVL(A.LOCK_PERIOD,(SELECT mark_raar_value
FROM DIXDROI.PAM_KRIAIS_MAINFATRAARA_AHAH WHERE mark_raar_name =
:"SYS_B_07" )) / :"SYS_B_08" / :"SYS_B_09")) ORDER BY TO_NUMBER(A.NAME)
) RESULTS WHERE RESULTS.IDX BETWEEN :"SYS_B_10" AND :"SYS_B_11"
Plan hash value: 2185860753
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Starts | E-Rows |E-Bytes|E-Temp | Cost (%CPU)| A-Rows | A-Time | Buffers | OMem | 1Mem | Used-Mem |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | | | | 3753 (100)| 15 |00:00:00.62 | 353K| | | |
|* 1 | FILTER | | 1 | | | | | 15 |00:00:00.62 | 353K| | | |
|* 2 | VIEW | | 1 | 5530 | 286K| | 3753 (1)| 15 |00:00:00.62 | 353K| | | |
| 3 | SORT ORDER BY | | 1 | 5530 | 918K| 1064K| 3753 (1)| 7873 |00:00:00.62 | 353K| 549K| 457K| 487K (0)|
| 4 | COUNT | | 1 | | | | | 7873 |00:00:00.46 | 353K| | | |
| 5 | NESTED LOOPS | | 1 | 5530 | 918K| | 3544 (1)| 7873 |00:00:00.46 | 353K| | | |
| 6 | NESTED LOOPS | | 1 | 5530 | 918K| | 3544 (1)| 266K|00:00:00.44 | 240K| | | |
| 7 | NESTED LOOPS | | 1 | 5530 | 615K| | 2437 (1)| 266K|00:00:00.19 | 46039 | | | |
|* 8 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | INF_KRA_PRIMAR_RANGE | 1 | 4392 | 92232 | | 240 (1)| 90 |00:00:00.01 | 878 | | | |
| 9 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID BATCHED| INF_KRA_PRIMAR_B | 90 | 1 | 93 | | 1 (0)| 266K|00:00:00.17 | 45161 | | | |
|* 10 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | EAI_NUMBER_REL_1 | 90 | 1 | | | 1 (0)| 266K|00:00:00.04 | 3871 | | | |
|* 11 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | PK_INF_KRA_PRIMAR | 266K| 1 | | | 1 (0)| 266K|00:00:00.20 | 194K| | | |
|* 12 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | INF_KRA_PRIMAR | 266K| 1 | 56 | | 1 (0)| 7873 |00:00:00.20 | 113K| | | |
| 13 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID BATCHED | PAM_KRIAIS_MAINFATRAARA_AHAH | 1 | 1 | 28 | | 1 (0)| 1 |00:00:00.01 | 2 | | | |
|* 14 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | IDXGETNUMBERPD1 | 1 | 1 | | | 1 (0)| 1 |00:00:00.01 | 1 | | | |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
1 - filter(:SYS_B_11>=:SYS_B_10)
2 - filter(("RESULTS"."IDX">=:SYS_B_10 AND "RESULTS"."IDX"<=:SYS_B_11))
8 - filter((NVL("C"."CATEGORY",'Range')=:SYS_B_04 AND NVL("C"."NUMBER_USAGE",:SYS_B_06)=:SYS_B_05 AND "C"."STATUS"=NVL(:SYS_B_03,"C"."STATUS")))
10 - access("C"."MANDNA_KKAJ_DI"="B"."TARGET_OBJECT_ID" AND "B"."BINDING_NAME"=:SYS_B_02)
11 - access("B"."OWNING_OBJECT_ID"="A"."MANDNA_KKAJ_DI")
12 - filter(("A"."TYPE"=:SYS_B_00 AND "A"."STATUS"=:SYS_B_01 AND "A"."ASSIGNED_CSN_ID" IS NULL AND ("A"."LOCK_ID" IS NULL OR
"A"."LOCK_DATE"<=SYSDATE@!-NVL("A"."LOCK_PERIOD",)/:SYS_B_08/:SYS_B_09)))
14 - access("mark_raar_NAME"=:SYS_B_07)
49 rows selected.
-- To get OUTLINE data into your execution plan
SQL>
SQL> SELECT * FROM TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.display_cursor(sql_id=>'0m329sngnhv1p', format=>'ALLSTATS LAST +outline'));
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL_ID 0m329sngnhv1p, child number 0
-------------------------------------
SELECT /*+ gather_plan_statistics */ * FROM (SELECT
A.MANDNA_KKAJ_DI,A.NAME,ROWNUM IDX FROM DIXDROI.INF_KRA_PRIMAR
A,DIXDROI.INF_KRA_PRIMAR_B B,DIXDROI.INF_KRA_PRIMAR_RANGE C WHERE
A.TYPE=:"SYS_B_00" AND A.STATUS=:"SYS_B_01" AND A.ASSIGNED_CSN_ID IS
NULL AND B.OWNING_OBJECT_ID=A.MANDNA_KKAJ_DI AND
B.BINDING_NAME=:"SYS_B_02" AND C.MANDNA_KKAJ_DI=B.TARGET_OBJECT_ID AND
C.STATUS = NVL(:"SYS_B_03", C.STATUS) AND C.CATEGORY = :"SYS_B_04" AND
:"SYS_B_05" = NVL(C.NUMBER_USAGE,:"SYS_B_06") AND (A.lock_id IS NULL OR
A.LOCK_DATE <= (sysdate - NVL(A.LOCK_PERIOD,(SELECT mark_raar_value
FROM DIXDROI.PAM_KRIAIS_MAINFATRAARA_AHAH WHERE mark_raar_name =
:"SYS_B_07" )) / :"SYS_B_08" / :"SYS_B_09")) ORDER BY TO_NUMBER(A.NAME)
) RESULTS WHERE RESULTS.IDX BETWEEN :"SYS_B_10" AND :"SYS_B_11"
Plan hash value: 2185860753
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows | A-Time | Buffers | OMem | 1Mem | Used-Mem |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | | 15 |00:00:00.62 | 353K| | | |
|* 1 | FILTER | | 1 | | 15 |00:00:00.62 | 353K| | | |
|* 2 | VIEW | | 1 | 5530 | 15 |00:00:00.62 | 353K| | | |
| 3 | SORT ORDER BY | | 1 | 5530 | 7873 |00:00:00.62 | 353K| 549K| 457K| 487K (0)|
| 4 | COUNT | | 1 | | 7873 |00:00:00.46 | 353K| | | |
| 5 | NESTED LOOPS | | 1 | 5530 | 7873 |00:00:00.46 | 353K| | | |
| 6 | NESTED LOOPS | | 1 | 5530 | 266K|00:00:00.44 | 240K| | | |
| 7 | NESTED LOOPS | | 1 | 5530 | 266K|00:00:00.19 | 46039 | | | |
|* 8 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | INF_KRA_PRIMAR_RANGE | 1 | 4392 | 90 |00:00:00.01 | 878 | | | |
| 9 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID BATCHED| INF_KRA_PRIMAR_B | 90 | 1 | 266K|00:00:00.17 | 45161 | | | |
|* 10 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | EAI_NUMBER_REL_1 | 90 | 1 | 266K|00:00:00.04 | 3871 | | | |
|* 11 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | PK_INF_KRA_PRIMAR | 266K| 1 | 266K|00:00:00.20 | 194K| | | |
|* 12 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | INF_KRA_PRIMAR | 266K| 1 | 7873 |00:00:00.20 | 113K| | | |
| 13 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID BATCHED | PAM_KRIAIS_MAINFATRAARA_AHAH | 1 | 1 | 1 |00:00:00.01 | 2 | | | |
|* 14 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | IDXGETNUMBERPD1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |00:00:00.01 | 1 | | | |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outline Data
-------------
/*+
BEGIN_OUTLINE_DATA
IGNORE_OPTIM_EMBEDDED_HINTS
OPTIMIZER_FEATURES_ENABLE('12.2.0.1')
DB_VERSION('12.2.0.1')
OPT_PARAM('optimizer_index_cost_adj' 10)
FIRST_ROWS(1)
OUTLINE_LEAF(@"SEL$3")
OUTLINE_LEAF(@"SEL$2")
OUTLINE_LEAF(@"SEL$1")
NO_ACCESS(@"SEL$1" "RESULTS"@"SEL$1")
FULL(@"SEL$2" "C"@"SEL$2")
INDEX_RS_ASC(@"SEL$2" "B"@"SEL$2" ("INF_KRA_PRIMAR_B"."TARGET_OBJECT_ID" "INF_KRA_PRIMAR_B"."BINDING_NAME"))
BATCH_TABLE_ACCESS_BY_ROWID(@"SEL$2" "B"@"SEL$2")
INDEX(@"SEL$2" "A"@"SEL$2" ("INF_KRA_PRIMAR"."MANDNA_KKAJ_DI"))
LEADING(@"SEL$2" "C"@"SEL$2" "B"@"SEL$2" "A"@"SEL$2")
USE_NL(@"SEL$2" "B"@"SEL$2")
USE_NL(@"SEL$2" "A"@"SEL$2")
NLJ_BATCHING(@"SEL$2" "A"@"SEL$2")
PUSH_SUBQ(@"SEL$3")
INDEX_RS_ASC(@"SEL$3" "PAM_KRIAIS_MAINFATRAARA_AHAH"@"SEL$3" ("PAM_KRIAIS_MAINFATRAARA_AHAH"."mark_raar_NAME"))
BATCH_TABLE_ACCESS_BY_ROWID(@"SEL$3" "PAM_KRIAIS_MAINFATRAARA_AHAH"@"SEL$3")
END_OUTLINE_DATA
*/
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
1 - filter(:SYS_B_11>=:SYS_B_10)
2 - filter(("RESULTS"."IDX">=:SYS_B_10 AND "RESULTS"."IDX"<=:SYS_B_11))
8 - filter((NVL("C"."CATEGORY",'Range')=:SYS_B_04 AND NVL("C"."NUMBER_USAGE",:SYS_B_06)=:SYS_B_05 AND "C"."STATUS"=NVL(:SYS_B_03,"C"."STATUS")))
10 - access("C"."MANDNA_KKAJ_DI"="B"."TARGET_OBJECT_ID" AND "B"."BINDING_NAME"=:SYS_B_02)
11 - access("B"."OWNING_OBJECT_ID"="A"."MANDNA_KKAJ_DI")
12 - filter(("A"."TYPE"=:SYS_B_00 AND "A"."STATUS"=:SYS_B_01 AND "A"."ASSIGNED_CSN_ID" IS NULL AND ("A"."LOCK_ID" IS NULL OR
"A"."LOCK_DATE"<=SYSDATE@!-NVL("A"."LOCK_PERIOD",)/:SYS_B_08/:SYS_B_09)))
14 - access("mark_raar_NAME"=:SYS_B_07)
77 rows selected.
SQL>
-- Lets try a more sophisticated one to get all sorts of information available
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> SELECT * FROM TABLE(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(sql_id => '0m329sngnhv1p', FORMAT => 'ADVANCED +ROWS +BYTES +COST +PARALLEL +PARTITION +IOSTATS +MEMSTATS +ALIAS +PEEKED_BINDS +OUTLINE +PREDICATE +PROJECTION +REMOTE +NOTE'));
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL_ID 0m329sngnhv1p, child number 0
-------------------------------------
SELECT /*+ gather_plan_statistics */ * FROM (SELECT
A.MANDNA_KKAJ_DI,A.NAME,ROWNUM IDX FROM DIXDROI.INF_KRA_PRIMAR
A,DIXDROI.INF_KRA_PRIMAR_B B,DIXDROI.INF_KRA_PRIMAR_RANGE C WHERE
A.TYPE=:"SYS_B_00" AND A.STATUS=:"SYS_B_01" AND A.ASSIGNED_CSN_ID IS
NULL AND B.OWNING_OBJECT_ID=A.MANDNA_KKAJ_DI AND
B.BINDING_NAME=:"SYS_B_02" AND C.MANDNA_KKAJ_DI=B.TARGET_OBJECT_ID AND
C.STATUS = NVL(:"SYS_B_03", C.STATUS) AND C.CATEGORY = :"SYS_B_04" AND
:"SYS_B_05" = NVL(C.NUMBER_USAGE,:"SYS_B_06") AND (A.lock_id IS NULL OR
A.LOCK_DATE <= (sysdate - NVL(A.LOCK_PERIOD,(SELECT mark_raar_value
FROM DIXDROI.PAM_KRIAIS_MAINFATRAARA_AHAH WHERE mark_raar_name =
:"SYS_B_07" )) / :"SYS_B_08" / :"SYS_B_09")) ORDER BY TO_NUMBER(A.NAME)
) RESULTS WHERE RESULTS.IDX BETWEEN :"SYS_B_10" AND :"SYS_B_11"
Plan hash value: 2185860753
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Starts | E-Rows |E-Bytes|E-Temp | Cost (%CPU)| E-Time | A-Rows | A-Time | Buffers | OMem | 1Mem | O/1/M |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | | | | 3753 (100)| | 15 |00:00:00.62 | 353K| | | |
|* 1 | FILTER | | 1 | | | | | | 15 |00:00:00.62 | 353K| | | |
|* 2 | VIEW | | 1 | 5530 | 286K| | 3753 (1)| 00:00:01 | 15 |00:00:00.62 | 353K| | | |
| 3 | SORT ORDER BY | | 1 | 5530 | 918K| 1064K| 3753 (1)| 00:00:01 | 7873 |00:00:00.62 | 353K| 549K| 457K| 1/0/0|
| 4 | COUNT | | 1 | | | | | | 7873 |00:00:00.46 | 353K| | | |
| 5 | NESTED LOOPS | | 1 | 5530 | 918K| | 3544 (1)| 00:00:01 | 7873 |00:00:00.46 | 353K| | | |
| 6 | NESTED LOOPS | | 1 | 5530 | 918K| | 3544 (1)| 00:00:01 | 266K|00:00:00.44 | 240K| | | |
| 7 | NESTED LOOPS | | 1 | 5530 | 615K| | 2437 (1)| 00:00:01 | 266K|00:00:00.19 | 46039| | | |
|* 8 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | INF_KRA_PRIMAR_RANGE | 1 | 4392 | 92232 | | 240 (1)| 00:00:01 | 90 |00:00:00.01 | 878| | | |
| 9 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID BATCHED| INF_KRA_PRIMAR_B | 90 | 1 | 93 | | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | 266K|00:00:00.17 | 45161| | | |
|* 10 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | EAI_NUMBER_REL_1 | 90 | 1 | | | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | 266K|00:00:00.04 | 3871| | | |
|* 11 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | PK_INF_KRA_PRIMAR | 266K| 1 | | | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | 266K|00:00:00.20 | 194K| | | |
|* 12 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | INF_KRA_PRIMAR | 266K| 1 | 56 | | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | 7873 |00:00:00.20 | 113K| | | |
| 13 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID BATCHED | PAM_KRIAIS_MAINFATRAARA_AHAH | 1 | 1 | 28 | | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | 1 |00:00:00.01 | 2| | | |
|* 14 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | IDXGETNUMBERPD1 | 1 | 1 | | | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | 1 |00:00:00.01 | 1| | | |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Query Block Name / Object Alias (identified by operation id):
-------------------------------------------------------------
1 - SEL$1
2 - SEL$2 / RESULTS@SEL$1
3 - SEL$2
8 - SEL$2 / C@SEL$2
9 - SEL$2 / B@SEL$2
10 - SEL$2 / B@SEL$2
11 - SEL$2 / A@SEL$2
12 - SEL$2 / A@SEL$2
13 - SEL$3 / PAM_KRIAIS_MAINFATRAARA_AHAH@SEL$3
14 - SEL$3 / PAM_KRIAIS_MAINFATRAARA_AHAH@SEL$3
Outline Data
-------------
/*+
BEGIN_OUTLINE_DATA
IGNORE_OPTIM_EMBEDDED_HINTS
OPTIMIZER_FEATURES_ENABLE('12.2.0.1')
DB_VERSION('12.2.0.1')
OPT_PARAM('optimizer_index_cost_adj' 10)
FIRST_ROWS(1)
OUTLINE_LEAF(@"SEL$3")
OUTLINE_LEAF(@"SEL$2")
OUTLINE_LEAF(@"SEL$1")
NO_ACCESS(@"SEL$1" "RESULTS"@"SEL$1")
FULL(@"SEL$2" "C"@"SEL$2")
INDEX_RS_ASC(@"SEL$2" "B"@"SEL$2" ("INF_KRA_PRIMAR_B"."TARGET_OBJECT_ID" "INF_KRA_PRIMAR_B"."BINDING_NAME"))
BATCH_TABLE_ACCESS_BY_ROWID(@"SEL$2" "B"@"SEL$2")
INDEX(@"SEL$2" "A"@"SEL$2" ("INF_KRA_PRIMAR"."MANDNA_KKAJ_DI"))
LEADING(@"SEL$2" "C"@"SEL$2" "B"@"SEL$2" "A"@"SEL$2")
USE_NL(@"SEL$2" "B"@"SEL$2")
USE_NL(@"SEL$2" "A"@"SEL$2")
NLJ_BATCHING(@"SEL$2" "A"@"SEL$2")
PUSH_SUBQ(@"SEL$3")
INDEX_RS_ASC(@"SEL$3" "PAM_KRIAIS_MAINFATRAARA_AHAH"@"SEL$3" ("PAM_KRIAIS_MAINFATRAARA_AHAH"."mark_raar_NAME"))
BATCH_TABLE_ACCESS_BY_ROWID(@"SEL$3" "PAM_KRIAIS_MAINFATRAARA_AHAH"@"SEL$3")
END_OUTLINE_DATA
*/
Peeked Binds (identified by position):
--------------------------------------
1 - :1 (VARCHAR2(30), CSID=873): 'MOBILE'
2 - :2 (VARCHAR2(30), CSID=873): 'Available'
3 - (VARCHAR2(30), CSID=873): 'com.paratapata.killer.mfs.oare.mainframe.locking.ADAKingstonToKillerRangeStst'
4 - (VARCHAR2(30), CSID=873): 'Active'
5 - (VARCHAR2(30), CSID=873): 'Range'
6 - (VARCHAR2(30), CSID=873): 'Internal'
7 - (VARCHAR2(30), CSID=873): 'External'
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
1 - filter(:SYS_B_11>=:SYS_B_10)
2 - filter(("RESULTS"."IDX">=:SYS_B_10 AND "RESULTS"."IDX"<=:SYS_B_11))
8 - filter((NVL("C"."CATEGORY",'Range')=:SYS_B_04 AND NVL("C"."NUMBER_USAGE",:SYS_B_06)=:SYS_B_05 AND "C"."STATUS"=NVL(:SYS_B_03,"C"."STATUS")))
10 - access("C"."MANDNA_KKAJ_DI"="B"."TARGET_OBJECT_ID" AND "B"."BINDING_NAME"=:SYS_B_02)
11 - access("B"."OWNING_OBJECT_ID"="A"."MANDNA_KKAJ_DI")
12 - filter(("A"."TYPE"=:SYS_B_00 AND "A"."STATUS"=:SYS_B_01 AND "A"."ASSIGNED_CSN_ID" IS NULL AND ("A"."LOCK_ID" IS NULL OR
"A"."LOCK_DATE"<=SYSDATE@!-NVL("A"."LOCK_PERIOD",)/:SYS_B_08/:SYS_B_09)))
14 - access("mark_raar_NAME"=:SYS_B_07)
Column Projection Information (identified by operation id):
-----------------------------------------------------------
1 - "RESULTS"."MANDNA_KKAJ_DI"[NUMBER,22], "RESULTS"."NAME"[VARCHAR2,50], "RESULTS"."IDX"[NUMBER,22]
2 - "RESULTS"."MANDNA_KKAJ_DI"[NUMBER,22], "RESULTS"."NAME"[VARCHAR2,50], "RESULTS"."IDX"[NUMBER,22]
3 - (#keys=1) TO_NUMBER("NAME")[22], "A"."MANDNA_KKAJ_DI"[NUMBER,22], "A"."NAME"[VARCHAR2,50], ROWNUM[22]
4 - "A"."MANDNA_KKAJ_DI"[NUMBER,22], "NAME"[VARCHAR2,50], ROWNUM[8]
5 - "A"."MANDNA_KKAJ_DI"[NUMBER,22], "NAME"[VARCHAR2,50]
6 - "A".ROWID[ROWID,10], "A"."MANDNA_KKAJ_DI"[NUMBER,22]
7 - "B"."OWNING_OBJECT_ID"[NUMBER,22]
8 - "C"."MANDNA_KKAJ_DI"[NUMBER,22]
9 - "B"."OWNING_OBJECT_ID"[NUMBER,22]
10 - "B".ROWID[ROWID,10]
11 - "A".ROWID[ROWID,10], "A"."MANDNA_KKAJ_DI"[NUMBER,22]
12 - "NAME"[VARCHAR2,50]
13 - "mark_raar_VALUE"[NUMBER,22]
14 - "PAM_KRIAIS_MAINFATRAARA_AHAH".ROWID[ROWID,10]
120 rows selected.
SQL>
Recently I have encountered an issue where frequent errors were captured in the alert log file about the on demand materialized view refresh failure. The main error reported was ORA-12034: materialized view log on “DIXDROID”.”TEST_STATS” younger than last refresh.
On demand
MV DIXDROID.PRAS_ID_MV was not refreshed successfully.
Number of MV refresh failures: 1.
Encountered error ORA-12034.
kkzifr3g: Encountered error ORA-12034.
2022-01-06T11:14:49.885045+02:00
Errors in file /monkeydb/can/ontadb/rdbms/ontadb/ONTADB/trace/ONTADB_j000_5663.trc:
ORA-12012: error on auto execute of job 1
ORA-12034: materialized view log on "DIXDROID"."TEST_STATS" younger than last refresh
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_SNAPSHOT_KKXRCA", line 2960
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_SNAPSHOT_KKXRCA", line 2378
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_SNAPSHOT_KKXRCA", line 85
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_SNAPSHOT_KKXRCA", line 245
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_SNAPSHOT_KKXRCA", line 2360
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_SNAPSHOT_KKXRCA", line 2916
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_SNAPSHOT_KKXRCA", line 3199
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_SNAPSHOT_KKXRCA", line 3255
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_SNAPSHOT", line 41
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_IREFRESH", line 703
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_REFRESH", line 214
ORA-06512: at line 1
It was pointing to the Materialized View Log, about materialized view logs, they are created for a master table, and a materialized view has been created with the REFRESH FAST option, the following timestamps will be used when validating log age.
About potential causes, there could be many i.e.
Definition of the master table is altered.
The last refresh was failed for some reasons.
Altering the master table so that changes don’t go to the materialized view log i.e. truncate, alter partitions drop or truncate
Master table reorganization or when when issuing an MV log purge
Now about the solution, in our case this issue happens when a complete refresh is required before the next fast refresh. So I did the COMPLETE refresh for the MV in question and did the FAST refresh soon after that and that has fixed the issue.
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Jan 6 11:14:07 2022
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Enter user-name: / as sysdba
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL>
-- Following command will perform first time COMPLETE refresh on the materialized views
SQL> execute dbms_snapshot.refresh ('DIXDROID.PRAS_ID_MV', 'C');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
-- After this first time COMPLETE refresh, the successive FAST refresh will be successful.
SQL> execute dbms_snapshot.refresh ('DIXDROID.PRAS_ID_MV', 'F');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
Today, one of the customer’s application architect during a team meet asked me if its possible to have the SQL ID in advance, before the SQL execution ? And luckily, I know that’s possible (through Connor McDonald‘s blog post on the same subject) and I was immediately able to answer the customer with a confident ‘Yes, that’s possible!’ 🙂
When I asked, why he want to do that, he said that they are planning to integrate a new module to their CRM application, first into development environment where they want to catch all expensive SQLs, their IDs in advance and later on compare it with the UAT environment and to get some anticipations on SQL runtime latencies. That I guess is a valid reason to have the SQL IDs in advance.
If you’re using Oracle 18c or above then you can use SET FEEDBACK ON SQL_ID, which means the SQL_ID for the currently executed SQL or PL/SQL statement is displayed after the results. This is very useful, and a huge time saver, when all you need is to know the SQL_ID. When feedback for SQL_ID is ON, then the value of the SQL_ID is assigned to a predefined variable _SQL_ID
And if you’re running below 18c then you can use dbms_sql_translator.sql_id package, it provides an interface for creating, configuring, and using SQL translation profiles, and you can use one of its function sql_id to get the SQLID in advance.
Let’s do the demo for both! Though I am running this on 12c, but still be able to use both options as connecting to the database via SQLcl (a SQL Dev CLI) version 21.4 and that has both the options available.
[oracle@ontadomain.fatdba bin]$ ./sql ontadbschema/xxxxxxxxx@testdb_ha
SQLcl: Release 21.4 Production on Tue Jan 04 02:58:04 2022
Copyright (c) 1982, 2022, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Last Successful login time: Tue Jan 04 2022 02:58:06 +02:00
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> select * from dixdroid.testtable;
STATS_CORRNAME STATS_CORRVALUE STATS_CORRDESC
_____________________________ __________________ _________________
DEFAULT_LOCK_DURATI 60 SECONDS
FIX_ALLOWED_LOCK_DURATI 120 SECONDS
FIX_RETURNABLE_NUMBERS 200
FIX_RETURNABLE_RANGES 10
DEFAULT_RESERVATION_DURATI 60 MINUTES
SQL>
-- Now trying the first approach which will work on < 18c versions.
SQL>
SQL> select dbms_sql_translator.sql_id('select * from dixdroid.testtable where STATS_CORRVALUE > 150') from dual;
1 row selected.
SQL_ID: 16jcpmjs087ct
-- Trying the second approach using SET FEEDBACK which works great if running >= 18c
SQL> set feedback only sql_id
SQL> select * from dixdroid.testtable where STATS_CORRVALUE > 150;
1 row selected.
SQL_ID: 16jcpmjs087ct
SQL>
SQL>
Last few weeks I was busy doing some CI/CD integrations using Liquibase, and this was the first time I was using Liquibase and I immediately fell in love with this brilliant tool, that you can use for tracking, managing, automation and applying database schema changes. This is gaining popularity as a DevOps tool to automate your database deployments.
Today’s post is about how to integrate Liquibase with Oracle databases. I did all of the demos on Oracle database version 19.3.0.0.0 on RHEL8 and using Liquibase community version 4.6.2 You can download latest version from https://www.liquibase.org/download and they also have certified courses available on their university website https://learn.liquibase.com/
Okay, let’s quickly build the playground to do demos. I will first first un-tar the file that I have downloaded from their website.
Lets add the PATH variable to .bash_profile and set it to export PATH=$PATH:/root/liquibase (my Liquibase un-tar directory) this is to call the executable from anywhere. With that you’re all set to use the Liquibase, yes! you only need to unzip/un-tar the software and ready to go. It’s installation and configuration both is very easy and straight forward.
Here in this demo, I will be using all options or flags directly with the Liquibase cli to better understanding, but I recommend to create the property file and put all your configuration entries there, like the one I have shared below.
Here changeLogFile is the changelog file to use, driver is the database driver class name, its ‘oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver’ as I am doing this demo on Oracle database. Classpath flag is to point the jar file for the classpath containing migration files and JDBC Driver, URL is the database JDBC URL (hostname:portnumber/SID), username/password is the database username and the password, the outputFile is the used to send output to a file. The loglevel parameter controls the amount of messages that are generated when running Liquibase commands, possible options are SEVERE/WARNING/INFO/FINE/OFF and the last option liquibase.hub.mode disables the HUB mode for Liquibase. There are whole lot of other parameters and are available on https://docs.liquibase.com/
Next I am going to create a test schema where I will create objects later on, and will track changes using Liquibase.
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Thu Dec 30 02:42:18 2021
Version 19.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0
SQL> create user dixdroid identified by dixdroid;
User created.
-- Granting SYSDBA to the test user for demo purpose only
SQL> grant connect, sysdba to dixdroid;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> conn dixdroid
Enter password:
Connected.
SQL>
-- Next, I will add some test data to this schema.
-- Will create a Table, insert few rows, index, function and a sequence.
SQL> @testdata.sql
Table created.
1 row created.
1 row created.
Index created.
Table created.
Sequence created.
1 row created.
Function created.
Commit complete.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> col object_name for a30
SQL> select object_name, object_type from user_objects;
OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TYPE
------------------------------ -----------------------
TEST TABLE
IDX_TEST1 INDEX
DIXIT1 TABLE
DIXIT1_PK INDEX
DIXIT1_SEQ SEQUENCE
GET_DIXIT1_COUNT FUNCTION
Now I will check if the Liquibase connection is successful, for that you should use the status command.
[root@localhost liquibase]# liquibase --username=liquibase --password=liquibase --changeLogFile=changelogfile.sql status
####################################################
## _ _ _ _ ##
## | | (_) (_) | ##
## | | _ __ _ _ _ _| |__ __ _ ___ ___ ##
## | | | |/ _` | | | | | '_ \ / _` / __|/ _ \ ##
## | |___| | (_| | | | |_) | (_| \__ \ __/ ##
## \_____/_|\__, |\__,_|_|_.__/ \__,_|___/\___| ##
## | | ##
## ##
## ##
## Get documentation at docs.liquibase.com ##
## Get certified courses at learn.liquibase.com ##
## Free schema change activity reports at ##
## https://hub.liquibase.com ##
## ##
####################################################
Starting Liquibase at 04:35:09 (version 4.6.2 #886 built at 2021-11-30 16:20+0000)
Liquibase Version: 4.6.2
Liquibase Community 4.6.2 by Liquibase
Output saved to /root/liquibase/output_local.sql
Liquibase command 'status' was executed successfully.
[root@localhost liquibase]# more /root/liquibase/output_local.sql
LIQUIBASE@jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost.ontadomain:1521/dixitdb is up to date
[root@localhost liquibase]#
Next we need to generate the ‘changelog‘. Liquibase uses a changelog to consecutively list all changes made to your database. Think of it as a account book or a daybook. It is a file that contains a record of all your database changes (changesets). Liquibase uses this changelog record to inspect your database and execute any changes that are not yet applied to your database.
[root@localhost liquibase]# liquibase --driver=oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver --changeLogFile=changelogfile.sql --classpath=/root/liquibase/lib/ojdbc8-18.3.0.0.jar --url="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost.ontadomain:1521/dixitdb" --username=liquibase --password=liquibase --defaultSchemaName=dixit generateChangeLog
####################################################
## _ _ _ _ ##
## | | (_) (_) | ##
## | | _ __ _ _ _ _| |__ __ _ ___ ___ ##
## | | | |/ _` | | | | | '_ \ / _` / __|/ _ \ ##
## | |___| | (_| | | | |_) | (_| \__ \ __/ ##
## \_____/_|\__, |\__,_|_|_.__/ \__,_|___/\___| ##
## | | ##
## ##
## ##
## Get documentation at docs.liquibase.com ##
## Get certified courses at learn.liquibase.com ##
## Free schema change activity reports at ##
## https://hub.liquibase.com ##
## ##
####################################################
Starting Liquibase at 22:44:36 (version 4.6.2 #886 built at 2021-11-30 16:20+0000)
Liquibase Version: 4.6.2
Liquibase Community 4.6.2 by Liquibase
BEST PRACTICE: The changelog generated by diffChangeLog/generateChangeLog should be inspected for correctness and completeness before being deployed.
When generating formatted SQL changelogs, it is important to decide if batched statements
should be split or not. For storedlogic objects, the default behavior is 'splitStatements:false'
.All other objects default to 'splitStatements:true'. See https://docs.liquibase.org for additional information.
Generated changelog written to /root/liquibase/changelogfile.sql
Output saved to /root/liquibase/output_local.sql
Liquibase command 'generateChangelog' was executed successfully.
[root@localhost liquibase]#
Next we will run the ‘updateSQL‘ command which is a helper command that allows you to inspect the SQL Liquibase will run while using the update command. The updateSQL command is used when you want to inspect the raw SQL before running the update command, so you can correct any issues that may arise before running the command.
Lets examine the output_local.sql file generate by the last command where we ran updateSQL command with Liquibase.
[root@localhost liquibase]#
[root@localhost liquibase]# more /root/liquibase/output_local.sql
-- *********************************************************************
-- Update Database Script
-- *********************************************************************
-- Change Log: changelog.sql
-- Ran at: 12/29/21 10:46 PM
-- Against: DIXDROID@jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost.ontadomain:1521/dixitdb
-- Liquibase version: 4.6.2
-- *********************************************************************
-- Create Database Lock Table
CREATE TABLE DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID INTEGER NOT NULL, LOCKED NUMBER(1) NOT NULL, LOCKGRANTED TIMESTAMP, LOCKEDBY VARCHAR2(255), CONSTRAINT PK_DAT
ABASECHANGELOGLOCK PRIMARY KEY (ID));
-- Initialize Database Lock Table
DELETE FROM DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK;
INSERT INTO DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID, LOCKED) VALUES (1, 0);
-- Create Database Lock Table
CREATE TABLE DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID INTEGER NOT NULL, LOCKED NUMBER(1) NOT NULL, LOCKGRANTED TIMESTAMP, LOCKEDBY VARCHAR2(255), CONSTRAINT PK_DAT
ABASECHANGELOGLOCK PRIMARY KEY (ID));
-- Initialize Database Lock Table
DELETE FROM DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK;
INSERT INTO DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID, LOCKED) VALUES (1, 0);
-- Create Database Lock Table
CREATE TABLE DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID INTEGER NOT NULL, LOCKED NUMBER(1) NOT NULL, LOCKGRANTED TIMESTAMP, LOCKEDBY VARCHAR2(255), CONSTRAINT PK_DAT
ABASECHANGELOGLOCK PRIMARY KEY (ID));
-- Initialize Database Lock Table
DELETE FROM DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK;
INSERT INTO DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID, LOCKED) VALUES (1, 0);
-- Create Database Lock Table
CREATE TABLE DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID INTEGER NOT NULL, LOCKED NUMBER(1) NOT NULL, LOCKGRANTED TIMESTAMP, LOCKEDBY VARCHAR2(255), CONSTRAINT PK_DAT
ABASECHANGELOGLOCK PRIMARY KEY (ID));
-- Initialize Database Lock Table
DELETE FROM DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK;
INSERT INTO DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID, LOCKED) VALUES (1, 0);
-- Create Database Lock Table
CREATE TABLE DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID INTEGER NOT NULL, LOCKED NUMBER(1) NOT NULL, LOCKGRANTED TIMESTAMP, LOCKEDBY VARCHAR2(255), CONSTRAINT PK_DAT
ABASECHANGELOGLOCK PRIMARY KEY (ID));
-- Initialize Database Lock Table
DELETE FROM DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK;
INSERT INTO DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID, LOCKED) VALUES (1, 0);
-- Create Database Lock Table
CREATE TABLE DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID INTEGER NOT NULL, LOCKED NUMBER(1) NOT NULL, LOCKGRANTED TIMESTAMP, LOCKEDBY VARCHAR2(255), CONSTRAINT PK_DAT
ABASECHANGELOGLOCK PRIMARY KEY (ID));
-- Initialize Database Lock Table
DELETE FROM DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK;
INSERT INTO DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID, LOCKED) VALUES (1, 0);
-- Create Database Lock Table
CREATE TABLE DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID INTEGER NOT NULL, LOCKED NUMBER(1) NOT NULL, LOCKGRANTED TIMESTAMP, LOCKEDBY VARCHAR2(255), CONSTRAINT PK_DAT
ABASECHANGELOGLOCK PRIMARY KEY (ID));
-- Initialize Database Lock Table
DELETE FROM DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK;
INSERT INTO DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID, LOCKED) VALUES (1, 0);
-- Create Database Lock Table
CREATE TABLE DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID INTEGER NOT NULL, LOCKED NUMBER(1) NOT NULL, LOCKGRANTED TIMESTAMP, LOCKEDBY VARCHAR2(255), CONSTRAINT PK_DAT
ABASECHANGELOGLOCK PRIMARY KEY (ID));
-- Initialize Database Lock Table
DELETE FROM DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK;
INSERT INTO DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID, LOCKED) VALUES (1, 0);
-- Create Database Lock Table
CREATE TABLE DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID INTEGER NOT NULL, LOCKED NUMBER(1) NOT NULL, LOCKGRANTED TIMESTAMP, LOCKEDBY VARCHAR2(255), CONSTRAINT PK_DAT
ABASECHANGELOGLOCK PRIMARY KEY (ID));
-- Initialize Database Lock Table
DELETE FROM DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK;
INSERT INTO DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID, LOCKED) VALUES (1, 0);
-- Create Database Lock Table
CREATE TABLE DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID INTEGER NOT NULL, LOCKED NUMBER(1) NOT NULL, LOCKGRANTED TIMESTAMP, LOCKEDBY VARCHAR2(255), CONSTRAINT PK_DAT
ABASECHANGELOGLOCK PRIMARY KEY (ID));
-- Initialize Database Lock Table
DELETE FROM DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK;
INSERT INTO DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID, LOCKED) VALUES (1, 0);
-- Lock Database
UPDATE DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK SET LOCKED = 1, LOCKEDBY = 'localhost.ontadomain (192.168.154.142)', LOCKGRANTED = TO_TIMESTAMP('2021-12-29 22:46:27.69
5', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF') WHERE ID = 1 AND LOCKED = 0;
-- Create Database Change Log Table
CREATE TABLE DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOG (ID VARCHAR2(255) NOT NULL, AUTHOR VARCHAR2(255) NOT NULL, FILENAME VARCHAR2(255) NOT NULL, DATEEXECUTED TIMESTAMP NO
T NULL, ORDEREXECUTED INTEGER NOT NULL, EXECTYPE VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL, MD5SUM VARCHAR2(35), DESCRIPTION VARCHAR2(255), COMMENTS VARCHAR2(255), TAG VARCHAR2(
255), LIQUIBASE VARCHAR2(20), CONTEXTS VARCHAR2(255), LABELS VARCHAR2(255), DEPLOYMENT_ID VARCHAR2(10));
-- Create Database Lock Table
CREATE TABLE DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID INTEGER NOT NULL, LOCKED NUMBER(1) NOT NULL, LOCKGRANTED TIMESTAMP, LOCKEDBY VARCHAR2(255), CONSTRAINT PK_DAT
ABASECHANGELOGLOCK PRIMARY KEY (ID));
-- Initialize Database Lock Table
DELETE FROM DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK;
INSERT INTO DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID, LOCKED) VALUES (1, 0);
-- Create Database Lock Table
CREATE TABLE DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID INTEGER NOT NULL, LOCKED NUMBER(1) NOT NULL, LOCKGRANTED TIMESTAMP, LOCKEDBY VARCHAR2(255), CONSTRAINT PK_DAT
ABASECHANGELOGLOCK PRIMARY KEY (ID));
-- Initialize Database Lock Table
DELETE FROM DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK;
INSERT INTO DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID, LOCKED) VALUES (1, 0);
-- Create Database Lock Table
CREATE TABLE DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID INTEGER NOT NULL, LOCKED NUMBER(1) NOT NULL, LOCKGRANTED TIMESTAMP, LOCKEDBY VARCHAR2(255), CONSTRAINT PK_DAT
ABASECHANGELOGLOCK PRIMARY KEY (ID));
-- Initialize Database Lock Table
DELETE FROM DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK;
INSERT INTO DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID, LOCKED) VALUES (1, 0);
-- Create Database Lock Table
CREATE TABLE DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID INTEGER NOT NULL, LOCKED NUMBER(1) NOT NULL, LOCKGRANTED TIMESTAMP, LOCKEDBY VARCHAR2(255), CONSTRAINT PK_DAT
ABASECHANGELOGLOCK PRIMARY KEY (ID));
-- Initialize Database Lock Table
DELETE FROM DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK;
INSERT INTO DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID, LOCKED) VALUES (1, 0);
-- Create Database Lock Table
CREATE TABLE DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID INTEGER NOT NULL, LOCKED NUMBER(1) NOT NULL, LOCKGRANTED TIMESTAMP, LOCKEDBY VARCHAR2(255), CONSTRAINT PK_DAT
ABASECHANGELOGLOCK PRIMARY KEY (ID));
-- Initialize Database Lock Table
DELETE FROM DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK;
INSERT INTO DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID, LOCKED) VALUES (1, 0);
-- Create Database Lock Table
CREATE TABLE DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID INTEGER NOT NULL, LOCKED NUMBER(1) NOT NULL, LOCKGRANTED TIMESTAMP, LOCKEDBY VARCHAR2(255), CONSTRAINT PK_DAT
ABASECHANGELOGLOCK PRIMARY KEY (ID));
-- Initialize Database Lock Table
DELETE FROM DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK;
INSERT INTO DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID, LOCKED) VALUES (1, 0);
-- Create Database Lock Table
CREATE TABLE DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID INTEGER NOT NULL, LOCKED NUMBER(1) NOT NULL, LOCKGRANTED TIMESTAMP, LOCKEDBY VARCHAR2(255), CONSTRAINT PK_DAT
ABASECHANGELOGLOCK PRIMARY KEY (ID));
-- Initialize Database Lock Table
DELETE FROM DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK;
INSERT INTO DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID, LOCKED) VALUES (1, 0);
-- Create Database Lock Table
CREATE TABLE DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID INTEGER NOT NULL, LOCKED NUMBER(1) NOT NULL, LOCKGRANTED TIMESTAMP, LOCKEDBY VARCHAR2(255), CONSTRAINT PK_DAT
ABASECHANGELOGLOCK PRIMARY KEY (ID));
-- Initialize Database Lock Table
DELETE FROM DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK;
INSERT INTO DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID, LOCKED) VALUES (1, 0);
-- Create Database Lock Table
CREATE TABLE DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID INTEGER NOT NULL, LOCKED NUMBER(1) NOT NULL, LOCKGRANTED TIMESTAMP, LOCKEDBY VARCHAR2(255), CONSTRAINT PK_DAT
ABASECHANGELOGLOCK PRIMARY KEY (ID));
-- Initialize Database Lock Table
DELETE FROM DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK;
INSERT INTO DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID, LOCKED) VALUES (1, 0);
-- Create Database Lock Table
CREATE TABLE DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID INTEGER NOT NULL, LOCKED NUMBER(1) NOT NULL, LOCKGRANTED TIMESTAMP, LOCKEDBY VARCHAR2(255), CONSTRAINT PK_DAT
ABASECHANGELOGLOCK PRIMARY KEY (ID));
-- Initialize Database Lock Table
DELETE FROM DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK;
INSERT INTO DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK (ID, LOCKED) VALUES (1, 0);
-- Changeset changelog.sql::1640835878960-1::root
CREATE TABLE DIXIT1 (ID NUMBER NOT NULL, DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(50), CONSTRAINT DIXIT1_PK PRIMARY KEY (ID));
INSERT INTO DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOG (ID, AUTHOR, FILENAME, DATEEXECUTED, ORDEREXECUTED, MD5SUM, DESCRIPTION, COMMENTS, EXECTYPE, CONTEXTS, LABELS, LIQUIBA
SE, DEPLOYMENT_ID) VALUES ('1640835878960-1', 'root', 'changelog.h2.sql', SYSTIMESTAMP, 1, '8:17e41ee520cc38d8600cb88325a89679', 'sql', '', 'EXECUTED', NULL,
NULL, '4.6.2', '0835988346');
-- Changeset changelog.h2.sql::1640835878960-2::root
CREATE SEQUENCE DIXIT1_SEQ START WITH 21 MAXVALUE 9999999999999999999999999999;
INSERT INTO DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOG (ID, AUTHOR, FILENAME, DATEEXECUTED, ORDEREXECUTED, MD5SUM, DESCRIPTION, COMMENTS, EXECTYPE, CONTEXTS, LABELS, LIQUIBA
SE, DEPLOYMENT_ID) VALUES ('1640835878960-2', 'root', 'changelog.h2.sql', SYSTIMESTAMP, 2, '8:8b670db06f2e0ad02cf1deeec1f9b79b', 'sql', '', 'EXECUTED', NULL,
NULL, '4.6.2', '0835988346');
-- Changeset changelog.sql::1640835878960-3::root
CREATE TABLE TEST (ID NUMBER(10, 0), NAME VARCHAR(30));
INSERT INTO DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOG (ID, AUTHOR, FILENAME, DATEEXECUTED, ORDEREXECUTED, MD5SUM, DESCRIPTION, COMMENTS, EXECTYPE, CONTEXTS, LABELS, LIQUIBA
SE, DEPLOYMENT_ID) VALUES ('1640835878960-3', 'root', 'changelog.h2.sql', SYSTIMESTAMP, 3, '8:e56593db5135656a87586790c3d5b671', 'sql', '', 'EXECUTED', NULL,
NULL, '4.6.2', '0835988346');
-- Changeset changelog.sql::1640835878960-4::root
CREATE INDEX IDX_TEST1 ON TEST(ID, NAME);
INSERT INTO DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOG (ID, AUTHOR, FILENAME, DATEEXECUTED, ORDEREXECUTED, MD5SUM, DESCRIPTION, COMMENTS, EXECTYPE, CONTEXTS, LABELS, LIQUIBA
SE, DEPLOYMENT_ID) VALUES ('1640835878960-4', 'root', 'changelog.h2.sql', SYSTIMESTAMP, 4, '8:178519da11977278e2192549595aed7b', 'sql', '', 'EXECUTED', NULL,
NULL, '4.6.2', '0835988346');
-- Release Database Lock
UPDATE DIXDROID.DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK SET LOCKED = 0, LOCKEDBY = NULL, LOCKGRANTED = NULL WHERE ID = 1;
[root@localhost liquibase]#
Now after careful examination of the last .sql file, time to call the ‘update‘ command which deploys any changes that are in the changelog file and that have not been deployed to your database yet. During this step (first time) only it creates the DATABASECHANGELOG table which is used to track which changesets have been run, and the DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK table to ensure only one instance of Liquibase is running at one time.
When you run the update command, Liquibase sequentially reads changesets in the changelog file, then it compares the unique identifiers of id, author, and path to filename to the values stored in the DATABASECHANGELOG table.
You can see both of the two new (liquibase specific) tables DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK & DATABASECHANGELOG created under the schema.
SQL> select object_name, object_type from user_objects;
OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TYPE
------------------------------ -----------------------
TEST TABLE
IDX_TEST1 INDEX
DIXIT1 TABLE
DIXIT1_PK INDEX
DIXIT1_SEQ SEQUENCE
GET_DIXIT1_COUNT FUNCTION
DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK TABLE
PK_DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK INDEX
DATABASECHANGELOG TABLE
9 rows selected.
SQL> desc DATABASECHANGELOG
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
ID NOT NULL VARCHAR2(255)
AUTHOR NOT NULL VARCHAR2(255)
FILENAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(255)
DATEEXECUTED NOT NULL TIMESTAMP(6)
ORDEREXECUTED NOT NULL NUMBER(38)
EXECTYPE NOT NULL VARCHAR2(10)
MD5SUM VARCHAR2(35)
DESCRIPTION VARCHAR2(255)
COMMENTS VARCHAR2(255)
TAG VARCHAR2(255)
LIQUIBASE VARCHAR2(20)
CONTEXTS VARCHAR2(255)
LABELS VARCHAR2(255)
DEPLOYMENT_ID VARCHAR2(10)
Now the baseline is created, we can create the next version of the database. I have created four new SQL files to create new sequence, view, function and a table with few records and an Index.
[root@localhost liquibase]# ls -ltrh *.sql*
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 88 Dec 29 23:03 seq2.sql
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 65 Dec 29 23:05 view1.sql
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 172 Dec 29 23:07 func2.sql
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 159 Dec 30 00:34 tab2.sql
I will now create the master.xml file which acts as a master index and is an ordered list of all changelogs. I have added a master.xml file with following contents. includeAll path=”/root/liquibase” is the XML tag that allows you to specify a directory that contains multiple changelog files. include file=./changelog1.xml is the XML file which I have created and will be referenced or called by the master.xml file.
If you check the ‘changelog1.xml‘ file, it has the order that you want Liquibase to follow, like in my example it will first create the sequence after reading from file seq2.sql, followed by table script tab2.sql and last file which is to create the function using func2.sql There are few parameters used with the XML and are explained below. relativeToChangelogFile=”true” : is cause we are using relative paths. ID : tag is used to assign a unique value to the action. endDelimiter: is the attribute can be set in a sql or sqlFile Change Type to override the default value of ;. The endDelimiter can be set to ” or to a character other than ; to indicate the end of the SQL statement. stripComments : Set to true to remove any comments in the SQL before executing, otherwise false. Defaults to true if not set
[root@localhost liquibase]# more master.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<databaseChangeLog
xmlns="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog
http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog/dbchangelog-3.9.xsd">
<includeAll path="/root/liquibase"/>
<include file="./changelog1.xml" relativeToChangelogFile="true"/>
</databaseChangeLog>
[root@localhost liquibase]#
-- Changelog XML file that is called by the above master.xml file.
[root@localhost liquibase]# more changelog1.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<databaseChangeLog
xmlns="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog
http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog/dbchangelog-3.9.xsd">
<changeSet author="dixdroid" id="seq2">
<sqlFile dbms="oracle"
endDelimiter=";"
path="./seq2.sql"
relativeToChangelogFile="true"
splitStatements="true"
stripComments="false"/>
</changeSet>
<changeSet author="dixdroid" id="table2">
<sqlFile dbms="oracle"
endDelimiter=";"
path="./tab2.sql"
relativeToChangelogFile="true"
splitStatements="true"
stripComments="false"/>
</changeSet>
<changeSet author="dixdroid" id="getcount" runOnChange="true">
<sqlFile dbms="oracle"
endDelimiter=";"
path="./func2.sql"
relativeToChangelogFile="true"
splitStatements="false"
stripComments="false"/>
</changeSet>
</databaseChangeLog>
Now let’s run the Liquibase ‘update‘ command using master.xml as the new changeLogFile which will perform all the changes that are mentioned in the master xml and related changelog1.xml
Let’s check if all new objects are created in the database, and we have table TESLA and its Index IDX_TESLA and RETURNTABLECOUNT function created.
SQL> select object_name, object_type from user_objects;
OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TYPE
------------------------------ -----------------------
TEST TABLE
IDX_TEST1 INDEX
DIXIT1 TABLE
DIXIT1_PK INDEX
DIXIT1_SEQ SEQUENCE
GET_DIXIT1_COUNT FUNCTION
DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK TABLE
PK_DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK INDEX
DATABASECHANGELOG TABLE
TESLA TABLE
IDX_TESLA INDEX
RETURNTABLECOUNT FUNCTION
12 rows selected.
-- Lets check DATABASECHANGELOG table to view all details about this schema level change.
SQL> select id, AUTHOR,FILENAME,DATEEXECUTED,ORDEREXECUTED,DESCRIPTION,LIQUIBASE,DEPLOYMENT_ID from DATABASECHANGELOG;
ID AUTHOR FILENAME DATEEXECUTED ORDEREXECUTED DESCRIPTIO LIQUIBASE DEPLOYMENT
---------- ---------- --------------- ------------------------------ ------------- ---------- -------------------- ----------
seq2 dixdroid changelog1.xml 30-DEC-21 12.33.02.051131 AM 1 sqlFile 4.6.2 0842381718
table2 dixdroid changelog1.xml 30-DEC-21 12.36.11.790990 AM 2 sqlFile 4.6.2 0842571528
getcount dixdroid changelog1.xml 30-DEC-21 12.36.11.937545 AM 3 sqlFile 4.6.2 0842571528
Perfect! Let me add one more object to the schema and see what happens next and how details added to the changelog table. This time I will create a new VIEW using SQL file with name view1.sql. Below are the master.xml and changelog file that I have created for this new addition to the schema and to track it.
Time to run the update command once again using modified master.xml file to create view.
[root@localhost liquibase]#
[root@localhost liquibase]# liquibase --username=dixdroid --password=dixdroid --changeLogFile="master.xml" update
####################################################
## _ _ _ _ ##
## | | (_) (_) | ##
## | | _ __ _ _ _ _| |__ __ _ ___ ___ ##
## | | | |/ _` | | | | | '_ \ / _` / __|/ _ \ ##
## | |___| | (_| | | | |_) | (_| \__ \ __/ ##
## \_____/_|\__, |\__,_|_|_.__/ \__,_|___/\___| ##
## | | ##
## ##
## ##
## Get documentation at docs.liquibase.com ##
## Get certified courses at learn.liquibase.com ##
## Free schema change activity reports at ##
## https://hub.liquibase.com ##
## ##
####################################################
Starting Liquibase at 00:57:25 (version 4.6.2 #886 built at 2021-11-30 16:20+0000)
Liquibase Version: 4.6.2
Liquibase Community 4.6.2 by Liquibase
Output saved to /root/liquibase/output_local.sql
Liquibase command 'update' was executed successfully.
[root@localhost liquibase]#
[root@localhost liquibase]#
-- Letscheck if the VIEW named PEEK is created or not!
SQL> select object_name, object_type from user_objects;
OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TYPE
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------
TEST TABLE
IDX_TEST1 INDEX
DIXIT1 TABLE
DIXIT1_PK INDEX
DIXIT1_SEQ SEQUENCE
GET_DIXIT1_COUNT FUNCTION
DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK TABLE
PK_DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK INDEX
DATABASECHANGELOG TABLE
TESLA TABLE
IDX_TESLA INDEX
RETURNTABLECOUNT FUNCTION
PEEK VIEW
13 rows selected.
SQL> select id, AUTHOR,FILENAME,DATEEXECUTED,ORDEREXECUTED,DESCRIPTION,LIQUIBASE,DEPLOYMENT_ID from DATABASECHANGELOG;
ID AUTHOR FILENAME DATEEXECUTED ORDEREXECUTED DESCRIPTIO LIQUIBASE DEPLOYMENT
---------- ---------- --------------- ------------------------------ ------------- ---------- -------------------- ----------
seq2 dixdroid changelog1.xml 30-DEC-21 12.33.02.051131 AM 1 sqlFile 4.6.2 0842381718
table2 dixdroid changelog1.xml 30-DEC-21 12.36.11.790990 AM 2 sqlFile 4.6.2 0842571528
getcount dixdroid changelog1.xml 30-DEC-21 12.36.11.937545 AM 3 sqlFile 4.6.2 0842571528
view1 dixdroid changelog2.xml 30-DEC-21 12.57.31.827752 AM 4 sqlFile 4.6.2 0843851310
Great, its there! About Liquibase, you can use it as core DevOps tool to track schema changes and for deployments and automations, integrate it with your CI/CD pipelines or can be used as a migration tool. There are multiple use cases. For more details check their official website.
Last week I was looking into a database problem where the customer reported database hang issues when trying to use their Java based application, and that application requires to connect with the database every now and then. This was a brand new platform where they were doing some UAT testing’s and were using WebLogic which they recently configured to use with connection pooling enabled.
Application team reported that they are getting frequent ‘ORA-00018 maximum number of sessions exceeded’ errors in the alert log and that was a big clue. Operations team tried many times to identify all INACTIVE sessions (session limit was 800 in the DB) and manually kill them, but new JDBC Thin Client gets spawns every time … I was sure that this is most probably the JDBC connection leak issue, and those are always difficult to identify!
This is what it was, the peak at the time of issue
Now talking about – How to detect this problem ?. Though there were multiple other performance problem on this platform, but none of them seems related with the SQLs, as the execution plan were perfect and reflects a well designed SQL workload. So I suspected the application, started with the WebLogic server logs and there I saw multiple instances of “BEA-000627 Reached maximum capacity of pool “cgDataSource”, making “0” new resource instances instead of “1” “ warnings, and with that, it once again solidified my initial assumption that it as happening all as a result of applications’ code not closing connections properly, connection leakage.
A leaked connection is a connection that was not properly returned to the connection pool in the data source. To automatically recover leaked connections, you can specify a value for Inactive Connection Timeout on the JDBC Data Source. When you set a value for Inactive Connection Timeout, WebLogic Server forcibly returns a connection to the data source when there is no activity on a reserved connection for the number of seconds that you specify. When set to 0 (the default value), this feature is turned off. So we have to we need to set one specific parameter for the data source to force close those connections that are not closed by the application.
Click on Services --> Data Sources --> Click on the Data Source you want to configure --> Click on Connection Pool --> Click on Advanced --> “Inactive Connection Timeout”
And it was set to its default value of 0, means no inactive sessions will be snapped or removed and will stay in the database and consume sessions limit. After carefull observation and a discussion with the team, we set it to a reasonable value and bounced Weblogic Admin and manager servers (MS) to make changes persistent.
But if this was the solution to the problem ? No, it was not! and is always a remedy, to immediately handle the situation while the root cause of the problem is investigated. I later on investigated the log files in order to isolate the culprit class. Also noticed that after we’d set the ‘Inactive Connection Timeout’ setting, multiple instances of BEA-001153 Warnings were captured within logs. This was because the code does not close the connection, and was waiting for the “Inactive connection timeout” to trigger closure of these objects and that had caused the warning message printed in the admin server logs.
<Dec 3, 2021 10:12:34 AM GMT>
<Warning> <JDBC> <BEA-001153> <Forcibly releasing inactive connection "weblogic.jdbc.wrapper.PoolConnection_oracle_jdbc_driver_xxCConnection@xxx" back into the connection pool "xxxxxxxx-xxx", currently reserved by: java.lang.Exception
at weblogic.jdbc.common.internal.ConnectionEnv.setup(ConnectionEnv.java:325)
at weblogic.common.resourcepool.ResourcePoolImpl.reserveResource(ResourcePoolImpl.java:363)
at weblogic.common.resourcepool.ResourcePoolImpl.reserveResource(ResourcePoolImpl.java:329)
at weblogic.jdbc.common.internal.ConnectionPool.reserve(ConnectionPool.java:417)
at weblogic.jdbc.common.internal.ConnectionPool.reserve(ConnectionPool.java:324)
at weblogic.jdbc.common.internal.MultiPool.searchLoadBalance(MultiPool.java:312)
at weblogic.jdbc.common.internal.MultiPool.findPool(MultiPool.java:180)
at weblogic.jdbc.common.internal.ConnectionPoolManager.reserve(ConnectionPoolManager.java:89)
at weblogic.jdbc.common.internal.RmiDataSource.getPoolConnection(RmiDataSource.java:350)
at weblogic.jdbc.common.internal.RmiDataSource.getConnection(RmiDataSource.java:369)
at oracle.jbo.server.DBTransactionImpl.establishNewConnection(DBTransactionImpl.java:990)
.....
..........
Later I collected JDBC Diagnostic Dumps via admin console to detect and further troubleshoot this JDBC Connection Leak.
Dumping Resource Pool:cgDataSource
Resource Pool:cgDataSource:dumpPool Current Capacity = 4
Resource Pool:cgDataSource:dumpPool dumping available resources, #entries = 0
Resource Pool:cgDataSource:dumpPool dumping reserved resources, #entries = 4
Resource Pool:cgDataSource:dumpPool reserved[0] = autoCommit=true, enabled=true, isXA=true, isJTS=false, vendorID=11, connUsed=true, doInit=false, 'null', destroyed=false, poolname=cgDataSource, appname=null, moduleName=null, connectTime=4941, dirtyIsolationLevel=false, initialIsolationLevel=2, infected=false, lastSuccessfulConnectionUse=1344715611974, secondsToTrustAnIdlePoolConnection=10, currentUser=java.lang.Exception
at weblogic.jdbc.common.internal.ConnectionEnv.setup(ConnectionEnv.java:308)
at weblogic.common.resourcepool.ResourcePoolImpl.reserveResource(ResourcePoolImpl.java:314)
at weblogic.common.resourcepool.ResourcePoolImpl.reserveResource(ResourcePoolImpl.java:292)
at weblogic.jdbc.common.internal.ConnectionPool.reserve(ConnectionPool.java:425)
at weblogic.jdbc.common.internal.ConnectionPool.reserve(ConnectionPool.java:316)
at weblogic.jdbc.common.internal.ConnectionPoolManager.reserve(ConnectionPoolManager.java:93)
at weblogic.jdbc.common.internal.ConnectionPoolManager.reserve(ConnectionPoolManager.java:61)
at weblogic.jdbc.jta.DataSource.getXAConnectionFromPool(DataSource.java:1473)
at weblogic.jdbc.jta.DataSource.refreshXAConnAndEnlist(DataSource.java:1302)
at weblogic.jdbc.jta.DataSource.getConnection(DataSource.java:425)
at weblogic.jdbc.jta.DataSource.connect(DataSource.java:382)
at weblogic.jdbc.common.internal.RmiDataSource.getConnection(RmiDataSource.java:338)
at troubleshooting.servlets.JdbcConnections.service(JdbcConnections.java:97)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:820)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.StubSecurityHelper$ServletServiceAction.run(StubSecurityHelper.java:227)
......
.........
at weblogic.jdbc.common.internal.RmiDataSource.getConnection(RmiDataSource.java:338)
at troubleshooting.servlets.JdbcConnections.service(JdbcConnections.java:97)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:820)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.StubSecurityHelper$ServletServiceAction.run(StubSecurityHelper.java:227)
.........
...............
at weblogic.jdbc.common.internal.RmiDataSource.getConnection(RmiDataSource.java:338)
at troubleshooting.servlets.JdbcConnections.service(JdbcConnections.java:97)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:820)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.StubSecurityHelper$ServletServiceAction.run(StubSecurityHelper.java:227)
.....
......
at weblogic.jdbc.common.internal.RmiDataSource.getConnection(RmiDataSource.java:338)
at troubleshooting.servlets.JdbcConnections.service(JdbcConnections.java:97)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:820)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.StubSecurityHelper$ServletServiceAction.run(StubSecurityHelper.java:227)
......
.........
If you watch carefully, on all the dumps above, the method that initiates the connection to the database is troubleshooting.servlets.JdbcConnections.service(), specifically at line 97 on Class JdbcConnections.java, as the stack says.
We went back to the source code for the application (dummy code):
} else if (i == -1) {
try {
InitialContext localInitialContext2 = new InitialContext();
DataSource localDataSource = (DataSource)localInitialContext2.lookup("cgDataSource"); <========== HERE IS WHERE THE LEAK STARTS
localObject = localDataSource.getConnection();
localObject = null; <========== HERE IS WHERE THE LEAK OCCURS, WHEN OBJECT IS SET TO NULL BUT CONNECTION NOT CLOSED.
System.out.println("xxxxxxxxx.");
localInitialContext2.close();
} catch (Exception localException2) {
localPrintWriter.println("An exception has been thrown while trying to increase the number of JDBC connection to " + i + ", the error is<br><br>");
And application team immediately recognized the cause, there was a need to explicitly closed the connection and was later on fixed by the application team to something below.
InitialContext localInitialContext2 = new InitialContext();
DataSource localDataSource = (DataSource)localInitialContext2.lookup("cgDataSource");
localObject = localDataSource.getConnection();
System.out.println("xxxxxxxxx.");
localInitialContext2.close();
} catch (Exception localException2) {
localPrintWriter.println("An exception has been thrown while trying to increase the number of JDBC connection to " + i + ", the error is<br><br>");
} finally{
localObject.close()
localObject = null;
}
So, that’s how it got resolved after changing the problematic code. Connection leakage is a very tricky scenario which requires careful observation primarily of the application code.
Today while doing an analysis for a very complex & a big SQL query (402 lines), I tried to use the Real Time SQL Monitoring Report to get some quick stats about the execution, but it failed and it didn’t showed me any output.
Luckily I found a great article written by my friendMohamed Houriand a metalink note for the problem (Doc ID 1613163.1), which says that there is a default limitation (300 lines) on the plan lines, and the threshold is in place to avoid spending too much time processing these large statements at the expense of other activities. So anything that has more than 300 plan lines won’t be monitored!
The fix to the problem is to set a hidden parameter which can be used to set the limit to a higher value, or you can set it on your SPFILE.
-- To change the default limit to any user defined value.
alter system set "_sqlmon_max_planlines"=450 scope=both;
-- or set it in your SPFILE
_sqlmon_max_planlines=450
Would like to discuss one interesting problem that I’ve recently faced while supporting one of the customer migration, where one critical SQL statement turned out to be very slow on this new infrastructure. They moved from 12.1 standalone to 12.2 2-Node RAC cluster and moved to a brand new hardware, but with similar HW and resource configurations as earlier.
As per the team, one of the core application API was behaving very slow while processing requests, and also failing due to time limits applied within the application. Hence the entire system becoming slow after they moved the workload to this new system.
Query was using multiple subqueries or nesting results that it got from them using a UNION ALL operator which returned all rows as it does not eliminate duplicate selected rows. The query was frequently waiting on User IO wait class, specially on ‘direct path read‘ and ‘db file sequential read‘ events, and took ~ 2.7 minutes to complete, but was expected to complete in less than a second. The query text was something like below ..
(select * from (select * from dix_table_A where perfor_column_12=:1 and testcas_idnu=:2 ) where rownum <= :"SYS_B_0")
union all (select * from (select * from dix_table_A where perfor_column_12=:3 and testcas_idnu=:4 ) where rownum <= :"SYS_B_1")
union all (select * from (select * from dix_table_A where perfor_column_12=:5 and testcas_idnu=:6 ) where rownum <= :"SYS_B_2")
union all (select * from (select * from dix_table_A where perfor_column_12=:7 and testcas_idnu=:8 ) where rownum <= :"SYS_B_3");
SQL_ID PLAN_HASH_VALUE EXECS AVG_ETIME AVG_CPU_TIME AVG_LIO AVG_PIO
------------- --------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ -------------- ------------
8sn7dhnash901 891893112 45 162.276 101.390 19,618,917.8 11,911,560.6
--- Execution Plan of the ill/slow SQL
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | | 24 (100)| |
| 1 | UNION-ALL | | | | | |
| 2 | COUNT STOPKEY | | | | | |
| 3 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID BATCHED| DIX_TABLE_A | 187 | 17952 | 6 (0)| 00:00:03 |
| 4 | INDEX SKIP SCAN | I2DIX_TABLE_A | 168K| | 2 (0)| 00:00:03 |
| 5 | COUNT STOPKEY | | | | | |
| 6 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID BATCHED| DIX_TABLE_A | 187 | 17952 | 6 (0)| 00:00:03 |
| 7 | INDEX SKIP SCAN | I2DIX_TABLE_A | 168K| | 2 (0)| 00:00:03 |
| 8 | COUNT STOPKEY | | | | | |
| 9 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID BATCHED| DIX_TABLE_A | 187 | 17952 | 6 (0)| 00:00:03 |
| 10 | INDEX SKIP SCAN | I2DIX_TABLE_A | 168K| | 2 (0)| 00:00:03 |
| 11 | COUNT STOPKEY | | | | | |
| 12 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID BATCHED| DIX_TABLE_A | 187 | 17952 | 6 (0)| 00:00:03 |
| 13 | INDEX SKIP SCAN | I2DIX_TABLE_A | 168K| | 2 (0)| 00:00:03 |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
As per the SQL text, its querying PERFOR_COLUMN_12 and TESTCASE_IDNUcolumns in the WHERE clause, and per the execution plan (above), I2DIX_TABLE_A index is picked to prepare the plan with INDEX SKIP SCAN as the access method/path for said Index. Index skip scan means, that the leading or other columns of the index is ignored. This costs performance since Oracle has read every item of the first column, second or subsequent columns and check if the second (or third etc.) column is what you searched for. This usually is faster than a full-table scan (depends on your query), but slower than a index range scan.
I2DIX_TABLE_A index is a multi column index which has both of the referenced columns PERFOR_COLUMN_12 and TESTCASE_IDNU, but in the reverse direction, not as the leading columns.
-- I2DIX_TABLE_A Index DDL (BAD Index)
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "DIXIT"."I2DIX_TABLE_A" ON "DIXIT"."DIX_TABLE_A" ("PRODUCT_CLASSIC_CAT", "BUILD_CLASSIC_ID", "TESTCASE_IDNU", "PERFOR_COLUMN_12");
While doing further analysis, I saw there is already one dedicated index I1DIX_TABLE_A there to cover this combination of columns PERFOR_COLUMN_12 and TESTCASE_IDNU, and in the right order too, but was ignored by the optimizer while preparing the estimations or costing.
-- I1DIX_TABLE_A Index DDL (GOOD Index)
CREATE INDEX "DIXIT"."I1DIX_TABLE_A" ON "DIXIT"."DIX_TABLE_A" ("PERFOR_COLUMN_12", "TESTCASE_IDNU");
Now, this is strange, why the CBO didn’t considered that index even when the required column set is present in the other index and in the right order, and instead it opted to go for an expensive index ? These are the other stats about both the two indexes.
All statistics looks good, I mean the row count is almost same, ITL initial and max values, status and stats collection date, but the difference is there for the branch level (BLevel) and Leaf_Blocks as they are different. Taking about the Blevel, it’s the part of the B-tree index that relates to the number of times Oracle has to narrow its search on the index while searching for a particular record, or the blevel is the number of branch levels. On the other hand, leaf_blocks represents number of leaf blocks in an index.
As we know the Blevel and Clustering Factor are important elements of an index scan cost. The index that has lower values for these is likely to be chosen. I2DIX_TABLE_A has lower values than I1DIX_TABLE_A. About the CF, It is hard to decrease clustering factor because it requires rebuilding the table.
So, lets focus to decrease the BLEVEL, will try rebuilding I1DIX_TABLE_A as that might help to decrease the Blevel.
SQL> alter index dixit.I1DIX_TABLE_A rebuild;
Index altered.
-- Index stats after rebuilding
INDEX_NAME UNIQUENES BLEVEL DEGREE TABLE_NAME NUM_ROWS LEAF_BLOCKS INI_TRANS MAX_TRANS STATUS LAST_ANAL
-------------------- --------- ---------- -------- --------------- ----------- ------------ ---------- --------- ------ ------------
I1DIX_TABLE_A NONUNIQUE 3 1 DIX_TABLE_A 33457571 446703 2 255 VALID 01-DEC-21
I2DIX_TABLE_A UNIQUE 3 1 DIX_TABLE_A 35084294 494579 2 255 VALID 01-DEC-21
And Yes, both the BLEVEL and the LEAF_BLOCKS of I1DIX_TABLE_A got reset, and I’ve immediately started hearing some good news from the application team about query’s runtime improvements. The expensive index I2DIX_TABLE_A was finally replaced by the good I1DIX_TABLE_A and that’s how the INDEX SKIP SCAN was replaced with the fast INDEX RANGE SCAN.
You might be thinking that the other difference is the UNIQUENESS, though the Unique scan cost is lower than Range scan cost. But, in this case, unique scan cannot be used for any index. Unique index is NOT always used for “unique scan.” It depends on predicates. The bad index is chosen not because it is a unique index but its scan cost is lower.
Sometimes when you have to support a performance problem and have to do the firefight, every second counts and you don’t want to use any of those fancy tools to see what’s going on in the database at the moment, and want something handy and quick, nothing is as friendly as querying dynamic views. What about using a small quick script to provide you what. Specially the darling views V$SQLAREA and V$SESSION where the first gives you all sorts of SQL level information and later provides me session information.
Recently while working on a shot assignment where I have to settle the performance and stablize system’s performance for a network inventory application, I quickly penned one script, which can be called as ‘Poor man’s database monitoring script‘ 🙂 to provide me a quick understanding of the database system on what all comes and stays and waits at any given point in time.
The script is pretty basic but very handy, quick and gives you all sort of details, and I’ve played with the LAST_CALL_ET from V$SESSION to get the overall time (RUNNING_SINCE) the SQL is there in the database, rest all you can add, alter as per your need. So this is what it is …
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- File name: prashantpoormanscript.sql
-- Version: V1.1 (12-08-2021) Simple View
-- Purpose: This script can be used on any Oracle DB to know what all running and for how long and waiting
-- Also provides details on SQL and SESSION level.
-- Author: Prashant Dixit The Fatdba www.fatdba.com
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
set linesize 400 pagesize 400
select
x.inst_id
,x.sid
,x.serial#
,x.username
,x.sql_id
,plan_hash_value
,sqlarea.DISK_READS
,sqlarea.BUFFER_GETS
,sqlarea.ROWS_PROCESSED
,x.event
,x.osuser
,x.status
,x.BLOCKING_SESSION_STATUS
,x.BLOCKING_INSTANCE
,x.BLOCKING_SESSION
,x.process
,x.machine
,x.program
,x.module
,x.action
,TO_CHAR(x.LOGON_TIME, 'MM-DD-YYYY HH24:MI:SS') logontime
,x.LAST_CALL_ET
,x.SECONDS_IN_WAIT
,x.state
,sql_text,
ltrim(to_char(floor(x.LAST_CALL_ET/3600), '09')) || ':'
|| ltrim(to_char(floor(mod(x.LAST_CALL_ET, 3600)/60), '09')) || ':'
|| ltrim(to_char(mod(x.LAST_CALL_ET, 60), '09')) RUNNING_SINCE
from gv$sqlarea sqlarea
,gv$session x
where x.sql_hash_value = sqlarea.hash_value
and x.sql_address = sqlarea.address
and sql_text not like '%select x.inst_id,x.sid ,x.serial# ,x.username ,x.sql_id ,plan_hash_value ,sqlarea.DISK_READS%'
and x.status='ACTIVE'
and x.USERNAME is not null
and x.SQL_ADDRESS = sqlarea.ADDRESS
and x.SQL_HASH_VALUE = sqlarea.HASH_VALUE
order by RUNNING_SINCE desc;
This is how the output looks like. I have highlighted the RUNNING_SINCE column in red, just to show that the SQL was there in the database running for 3 minutes and 8 seconds and still active waiting on db file sequential reads and was called through SQL Developer, along it gets you the SQLID and PHV for all active SQLs along with other session and SQL level details that will help you to form the right approach for any of those slow sluggish SQLs.
There are hundreds of use cases for this one, specially when the application or product team doesn’t know what all gets triggered in the database in the form of SQLs whenver any of the APIs touched. That’s when you can take help of such handy SQL scripts to check what all runs on the database. You can also write a simple shell script and call it via OS utilities like watch to see it live showing you database workload .. You can write a simple shell something like this …
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- File name: prashantpoormanscript.sh
-- Version: V1.1 (12-08-2021) Shell script View
-- Purpose: This script can be used on any Oracle DB to know what all running and for how long and waiting
-- Also provides details on SQL and SESSION level.
-- Author: Prashant Dixit The Fatdba www.fatdba.com
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#!/bin/ksh
sqlplus /nolog << EOF
CONNECT username/Password@connection_string
set linesize 400
set pagesize 400
col ACTION for a22
col USERNAME for a9
col SQL_ID for a16
col EVENT for a20
col OSUSER for a10
col PROCESS for a8
col MACHINE for a15
col OSUSER for a8
col PROGRAM for a15
col module for a20
select x.inst_id,x.sid
,x.serial#
,x.username
,x.sql_id
,plan_hash_value as PHV
,sqlarea.DISK_READS
,sqlarea.BUFFER_GETS
,sqlarea.ROWS_PROCESSED
,x.event
,x.osuser
,x.status
,x.BLOCKING_SESSION_STATUS
,x.BLOCKING_INSTANCE
,x.BLOCKING_SESSION
,x.process
,x.machine
,x.program
,x.module
,x.action
,TO_CHAR(x.LOGON_TIME, 'MM-DD-YYYY HH24:MI:SS') logontime
,x.LAST_CALL_ET
,x.SECONDS_IN_WAIT
,x.state
,sql_text,
ltrim(to_char(floor(x.LAST_CALL_ET/3600), '09')) || ':'
|| ltrim(to_char(floor(mod(x.LAST_CALL_ET, 3600)/60), '09')) || ':'
|| ltrim(to_char(mod(x.LAST_CALL_ET, 60), '09')) RUNNING_SINCE
from gv\$sqlarea sqlarea
,gv\$session x
where x.sql_hash_value = sqlarea.hash_value
and x.sql_address = sqlarea.address
and sql_text not like '%select x.inst_id,x.sid ,x.serial# ,x.username ,x.sql_id ,plan_hash_value%'
and x.status='ACTIVE'
and x.USERNAME is not null
and x.SQL_ADDRESS = sqlarea.ADDRESS
and x.SQL_HASH_VALUE = sqlarea.HASH_VALUE
order by RUNNING_SINCE desc;
SPOOL OFF
EXIT;
EOF
Once you put all that in shell script, call that via watch utility and you’re set. Example : call the shell every 2 seconds to refresh the output
[Fatdba@Ontacan-test7-dbmonkey mytools]$ watch -n 2 sh prashantpoormanscript.sh
But if you want a fancier representation of the code, here you go … I did some formatting and make it more easy to read but I still love the core one, unformatted and simple.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- File name: prashantpoormanscript1.sql
-- Version: V1.1 (12-08-2021) Fancy Version
-- Purpose: This script can be used on any Oracle DB to know what all running and for how long and waiting
-- Also provides details on SQL and SESSION level.
-- Author: Prashant Dixit The Fatdba www.fatdba.com
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
set linesize 400
set pagesize 400
col ACTION for a22
col USERNAME for a9
col SQL_ID for a16
col EVENT for a20
col OSUSER for a10
col PROCESS for a8
col MACHINE for a15
col OSUSER for a8
col PROGRAM for a15
col module for a20
col BLOCKING_INSTANCE for a20
select
'InstID .............................................: '||x.inst_id,
'SID ................................................: '||x.sid,
'Serial .............................................: '||x.serial#,
'Username ...........................................: '||x.username,
'SQLID ..............................................: '||x.sql_id,
'PHV ................................................: '||plan_hash_value,
'DISK_READS .........................................: '||sqlarea.DISK_READS,
'BUFFER_GETS ........................................: '||sqlarea.BUFFER_GETS,
'ROWS_PROCESSED ..... ...............................: '||sqlarea.ROWS_PROCESSED,
'Event .............................................: '||x.event,
'OSUser .............................................: '||x.osuser,
'Status .............................................: '||x.status,
'BLOCKING_SESSION_STATUS ............................: '||x.BLOCKING_SESSION_STATUS,
'BLOCKING_INSTANCE ..................................: '||x.BLOCKING_INSTANCE,
'BLOCKING_SESSION ...................................: '||x.BLOCKING_SESSION,
'PROCESS ............................................: '||x.process,
'MACHINE ............................................: '||x.machine,
'PROGRAM ............................................: '||x.program,
'MODULE .............................................: '||x.module,
'ACTION .............................................: '||x.action,
'LOGONTIME ..........................................: '||TO_CHAR(x.LOGON_TIME, 'MM-DD-YYYY HH24:MI:SS') logontime,
'LAST_CALL_ET .......................................: '||x.LAST_CALL_ET,
'SECONDS_IN_WAIT ....................................: '||x.SECONDS_IN_WAIT,
'STATE ..............................................: '||x.state,
'RUNNING_SINCE ......................................: '||ltrim(to_char(floor(x.LAST_CALL_ET/3600), '09')) || ':' || ltrim(to_char(floor(mod(x.LAST_CALL_ET, 3600)/60), '09')) || ':' || ltrim(to_char(mod(x.LAST_CALL_ET, 60), '09')) RUNNING_SINCE,
'SQLTEXT ............................................: '||sql_text
from gv$sqlarea sqlarea
,gv$session x
where x.sql_hash_value = sqlarea.hash_value
and x.sql_address = sqlarea.address
and sql_text not like '%select x.inst_id,x.sid ,x.serial# ,x.username ,x.sql_id ,plan_hash_value%'
and x.status='ACTIVE'
and sql_text not like '%select :"SYS_B_00"||x.inst_id, :"SYS_B_01"||x.sid, :"SYS_B_02"||x.serial#,%'
and x.USERNAME is not null
and x.SQL_ADDRESS = sqlarea.ADDRESS
and x.SQL_HASH_VALUE = sqlarea.HASH_VALUE
order by RUNNING_SINCE desc;
And the output will look something like this, neat and clean ..
And finally the much loved ‘SQL Tuning Advisor‘ is now available to use in Oracle cloud DB Service. The useful utility is a built-in tool to provide suggestions or recommendations about certain SQL statements and now available to use with OCI.
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Tales From A Lazy Fat DBA 